The Best Associate's in Accounting Programs in California for 2027
Key Points: Best Accounting Associate's Programs in California
- De Anza College ranks #1 in California on a 97.7 Program Score, with a 68% graduation rate.
- Every school on this list is public.
- Cost and quality are not opposites here: the lowest-tuition program on the list, Irvine Valley College, ranks #2.
- Programs analyzed
- 27
- In-state tuition range
- $1,104-$1,395
- Average graduation rate
- 52%
- Median salary (BLS)
- $54,920
The best associate's in accounting in California vary widely in cost and outcome, and this ranking compares 27 accounting programs across the state on tuition, graduation rate, and the Program Score, a composite built from IPEDS and BLS data. In-state tuition among the ranked programs runs from $1,104 to $1,395 a year, a gap of just $291 that still adds up once a student pays it twice over two years. Irvine Valley College holds the sharpest combination of low cost and strong outcomes in the state: $1,104 in annual in-state tuition paired with a Program Score of 96.5, the second-highest score among all 27 programs analyzed.
Average graduation rate across the 27 California accounting programs analyzed is 52%, meaning roughly half of enrolled students finish on time or within the tracked window. That figure varies sharply by campus: De Anza College's accounting program graduates 68% of students, the best mark in this ranking, while several community colleges sit closer to 45%. California's programs are almost entirely public two-year colleges, which keeps sticker price low but puts more weight on transfer planning and CPA pathway advising than on tuition shopping.
This guide breaks down what an associate degree in accounting actually costs in California, how the 150 credit-hour route to CPA licensure changes the math after graduation, which accreditation labels are worth checking, and where online and accelerated accounting programs fit for working adults.
The Top Accounting Associate's Programs in California at a Glance
De Anza College leads at 97.7, and Golden West College closes the chart at 91.8. Longer bars rank higher.
How the Accounting Associate's Programs in California Are Scored
Each Program Score runs from 0 to 100: outcomes count for 44%, selectivity and academics for 38%, and scale and value for 18%, all from federal data. See how the weights work.
The 11 Best Accounting Associate's Programs in California, Ranked for 2027
The 11 best Accounting Associate's Programs in California, ranked by outcomes.
De Anza College
Cupertino, CA · Public
- Grad rate
- 68%
- Admit rate
- Open admission
- In-state
- $1,395
- Out-of-state
- $12,420
De Anza College's accounting program ranks #1 in California for 2027 with a 97.7 Program Score, a 68% graduation rate, and in-state tuition of $1,395 a year, 8.9 times cheaper than the $12,420 out-of-state rate.
- #1 in CA, 97.7 Program Score
- 68% graduation rate, highest of the four
- $1,395/yr in-state vs $12,420 out-of-state (8.9x)
- 17,425 enrolled; online certificate option
De Anza College's accounting department offers three stacked credentials: a Certificate of Achievement for entry-level accounting work, offered with an online option, a Certificate of Achievement-Advanced aimed at staff accountant and analyst roles, and an Associate in Arts built specifically for transfer as an Accounting major to a four-year school.
De Anza ranks #1 in California for 2027 with a 97.7 Program Score, the highest of the four programs here, built in part on a 68% graduation rate, the top mark on this list. In-state tuition runs $1,395 a year; out-of-state students pay $12,420, 8.9 times more. With 17,425 students enrolled, De Anza fits California residents who want the lowest-cost path among the state's top-ranked transfer programs.
At $1,395 a year, in-state tuition equals about 1.3 weeks (roughly nine days) of work at the national median wage for accountants and auditors, $54,920 a year per the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook.
Irvine Valley College
Irvine, CA · Public
- Grad rate
- 57%
- Admit rate
- Open admission
- In-state
- $1,104
- Out-of-state
- $11,808
Irvine Valley College's 63-64 unit AS in Accounting ranks #2 in California with a 96.5 Program Score, backed by assist.org transfer deals to four CSU and UC campuses.
- #2 in CA, 96.5 Program Score
- 57% graduation rate
- $1,104/yr in-state vs $11,808 out-of-state (10.7x)
- 6 stackable certificates; transfer deals with 4 CSU/UC campuses
Irvine Valley College's core credential is a 63-64 unit Associate of Science in Accounting, a two-year, full-time transfer path with assist.org agreements to California State University, Fullerton, CSU Long Beach, UC Irvine, and UC Santa Barbara. Financial and managerial accounting courses use a problem-based approach meant to prepare students for upper-division rigor after transfer. IVC also stacks six shorter credentials: a 20-unit Certificate of Achievement completed over two years part-time, plus five one-year, part-time Certificates of Proficiency in Computerized Accounting, Financial Accounting, Financial/Managerial Accounting, Income Tax, and Payroll.
IVC carries a 96.5 Program Score, good for #2 in California, on a 57% graduation rate. In-state tuition is $1,104 a year; out-of-state tuition is $11,808, 10.7 times higher. Enrollment sits at 13,018. The program's own page flags that the 150-unit route to CPA licensure means a bachelor's degree plus 30 more units, then passing the CPA exam and completing work experience, per AICPA requirements, so treat the AS as a first step rather than a finish line. It fits students who already have a specific CSU or UC transfer target in mind.
The full two-year in-state cost of $2,208 is recovered in about 2.1 weeks (roughly 15 days) of work at the national median wage for accountants and auditors, $54,920 a year per BLS.
College of the Canyons
Santa Clarita, CA · Public
- Grad rate
- 45%
- Admit rate
- Open admission
- In-state
- $1,104
- Out-of-state
- $10,896
College of the Canyons ranks #3 in California with a 95.0 Program Score and $1,104 in-state tuition, but its 45% graduation rate is the lowest of the state's top four accounting associate's programs.
- #3 in CA, 95.0 Program Score
- 45% graduation rate, lowest of the 4
- $1,104/yr in-state vs $10,896 out-of-state (9.9x)
- 18,075 enrolled; two-degree track (transfer + technician)
College of the Canyons splits accounting into two separate credentials. The Accounting AS/Certificate of Achievement (Transfer) requires 22-23 units: Principles of Accounting I and II, Business Law, and 9-10 units of economics or statistics. The Accounting Technician AS/Certificate of Achievement requires 20 units built for direct workforce entry: Introduction to Business, Bookkeeping and Accounting, Entrepreneurial Finance, Business Law, and electives such as QuickBooks Pro.
The program carries a 95.0 Program Score, good for #3 in California, on a 45% graduation rate, the lowest of the four programs profiled here, 12 to 23 points below the other three. In-state tuition is $1,104 a year against $10,896 out-of-state, a 9.9 times gap. Enrollment is 18,075, the largest of the four schools. The two-track structure fits students who have not yet chosen between a four-year transfer and a faster, bookkeeping-focused credential, but the graduation-rate gap is the tradeoff to weigh against that flexibility.
A single year of in-state tuition, $1,104, equals about a week of work at the national median wage for accountants and auditors, $54,920 a year per BLS.
College of San Mateo
San Mateo, CA · Public · online option
- Grad rate
- 61%
- Admit rate
- Open admission
- In-state
- $1,288
- Out-of-state
- $11,384
College of San Mateo's Accounting AA ranks #4 in California with a 94.9 Program Score, a 61% graduation rate, and the only online-flagged program among the state's top four.
- #4 in CA, 94.9 Program Score
- 61% graduation rate, second highest of the 4
- $1,288/yr in-state vs $11,384 out-of-state (8.8x)
- Online coursework; 9 related certificates incl. Enrolled Agent prep
College of San Mateo's Accounting AA requires 23.5 core major units: Accounting Procedures or Personal Financial Planning, Ten-Key Skills, Financial Accounting, Managerial Accounting, two QuickBooks courses (setup and service, then payroll and merchandising), and Spreadsheets, plus 6 selective units, inside a 60-unit degree. The department also lists nine related certificates, including Enrolled Agent Exam Preparation, Tax Preparer I and II, and Individual Tax Professional, for students who want a narrower credential than the full AA.
CSM carries a 94.9 Program Score, good for #4 in California, on a 61% graduation rate, the second-highest of the four programs here. In-state tuition is $1,288 a year; out-of-state tuition is $11,384, 8.8 times more. Enrollment is 9,901, the smallest of the four. CSM is the only program on this list flagged for online coursework, which fits students who want Enrolled Agent or tax-prep certificates on a flexible schedule rather than a straight transfer path.
In-state tuition of $1,288 a year is recovered in about 1.2 weeks (roughly nine days) of work at the national median wage for accountants and auditors, $54,920 a year per BLS.
Foothill College
Los Altos Hills, CA · Public
- Grad rate
- 56%
- Admit rate
- Open admission
- In-state
- $1,395
- Out-of-state
- $12,420
Foothill College's 56% graduation rate, the best of California's top accounting associate's programs, backs an Associate in Arts you can finish entirely online.
- 56% graduation rate (highest of CA's top 4)
- $1,395 in-state / $12,420 out-of-state tuition
- 94.4 Program Score, rank #5 in CA
- AA in Accounting, fully online
Foothill College's accounting program covers everything from auditing to tax prep, and every course meets the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) unit requirement. The Associate in Arts in Accounting can be completed fully online, and the Accounting 67 and 68 course series is built specifically to prep students for the Enrolled Agent exam. Beyond the AA, Foothill stacks eight Certificates of Achievement, including Bookkeeping, Tax Specialist, Payroll Preparation, Accounting Ethics, and four separate CPA Exam Prep certificates covering Audit, Business Environment and Concepts, Financial Accounting Reporting, and Regulation.
Foothill's 94.4 Program Score ranks it 5th among California's top accounting associate's programs, driven in part by a 56% graduation rate, the best of the four schools here, across 12,949 total students. In-state tuition is $1,395, about nine days of pay at the $54,920 national median wage for accountants and auditors (BLS). Out-of-state students pay $12,420, 8.9 times more, so the fully online AA is the strongest deal for California residents building CPA-track units from home.
Mt San Antonio College
Walnut, CA · Public
- Grad rate
- 45%
- Admit rate
- Open admission
- In-state
- $1,288
- Out-of-state
- $10,388
Mt. SAC packs its Accounting AS into 28 to 29 units and still lands a 93.9 Program Score, 6th among California's top accounting associate's programs.
- 45% graduation rate
- $1,288 in-state / $10,388 out-of-state tuition
- 93.9 Program Score, rank #6 in CA
- 28-29 unit AS in Accounting
Mt. San Antonio College's Accounting AS Degree, S0502, requires 28 to 29 units across seven core courses: Principles of Accounting, Financial (5 units); Principles of Accounting, Managerial (5 units); Intermediate Accounting I and II (3 units each); QuickBooks for Accounting (3 units); Excel for Accounting (3 units); and Principles of Business (3 units), plus a 3 to 4 unit elective in Cost Accounting, Federal Income Tax Law, or Personal Financial Planning. The degree targets entry-level roles in general accounting, cost accounting, payroll, accounts receivable and payable, budgeting and forecasting, and financial analysis, and it is built for transfer into a four-year accounting bachelor's program.
A 93.9 Program Score puts Mt. SAC 6th among California's top accounting associate's programs, with a 45% graduation rate, the lowest of the four schools here but still degree-producing at scale across 29,971 total students, the largest enrollment on this list. In-state tuition is $1,288, about 1.2 weeks of pay at the $54,920 national median wage for accountants and auditors (BLS). Nonresidents pay $10,388, about 8.1 times more, making this a fit mainly for California residents who want a broad course catalog and a clear transfer path.
Diablo Valley College
Pleasant Hill, CA · Public
- Grad rate
- 49%
- Admit rate
- Open admission
- In-state
- $1,288
- Out-of-state
- $10,296
Diablo Valley College turns a single Business Accounting program into four stackable credentials, with in-state tuition of just $1,288.
- 49% graduation rate
- $1,288 in-state / $10,296 out-of-state tuition
- 93.7 Program Score, rank #7 in CA
- 4 stackable credentials: AS plus 3 certificates
Diablo Valley College's Business Accounting program prepares students for bookkeeping, accounting, auditing, and financial services careers, and the college states it can help students become a certified public accountant (CPA). The degree and certificate ladder runs four deep: an Associate in Science in Accounting, plus Certificates of Achievement in Advanced Accounting, Bookkeeping, and General Accounting, so students can stop at a certificate for a fast career entry or continue on to the full AS.
DVC's 93.7 Program Score ranks it 7th among California's top accounting associate's programs, with a 49% graduation rate and 17,228 total enrollment. In-state tuition is $1,288, about 1.2 weeks of pay at the $54,920 national median wage for accountants and auditors (BLS), while nonresident tuition is $10,296, about 8 times more, the narrowest resident-to-nonresident gap of the four schools here. That makes DVC the most balanced option for students weighing certificate speed against degree depth.
Pasadena City College
Pasadena, CA · Public
- Grad rate
- 48%
- Admit rate
- Open admission
- In-state
- $1,104
- Out-of-state
- $10,848
Pasadena City College's $1,104 in-state tuition is the lowest among California's top accounting associate's programs, backing a Certified Bookkeeper track built to AIPB standards.
- 48% graduation rate
- $1,104 in-state / $10,848 out-of-state tuition (lowest in-state of CA's top 4)
- 92.2 Program Score, rank #8 in CA
- Certified Bookkeeper track meets AIPB standards
Pasadena City College's accounting curriculum covers recording financial transactions and how to store, sort, retrieve, summarize, and present that data in reports and analyses. The program's specialization, Certified Bookkeeping, conforms to American Institute of Professional Bookkeepers standards, and it is offered as both an Associate in Science degree and a Certificate of Achievement. PCC also runs a separate Accounting, Taxation for Enrolled Agents certificate for students targeting that credential.
PCC's 92.2 Program Score ranks it 8th among California's top accounting associate's programs, with a 48% graduation rate across 24,597 total students. In-state tuition is $1,104, the lowest of the four schools here and about one week of pay at the $54,920 national median wage for accountants and auditors (BLS). Out-of-state tuition is $10,848, about 9.8 times more, the steepest resident-to-nonresident jump on this list, so PCC fits California residents chasing a bookkeeping credential at the lowest sticker price.
Saddleback College
Mission Viejo, CA · Public
- Grad rate
- 48%
- Admit rate
- Open admission
- In-state
- $1,380
- Out-of-state
- $14,760
Saddleback College's Computerized Accounting Specialist degree trains students on commercial accounting software for entry-level jobs such as bookkeeper and general ledger clerk.
- Program Score 91.9
- $1,380 in-state tuition
- Open admission
- Degree and certificate options
Saddleback College offers a Computerized Accounting Specialist program through its School of Business and Industry, available as an Associate of Science degree and as a Certificate of Achievement. The page says it gives students who plan to enter accounting knowledge of accounting principles and practices, including recording transactions for various types of businesses in a double-entry system. Students also work with the latest commercial software and learn to analyze financial statements. The college says the program prepares students for entry-level roles such as Accounts Payable Clerk, Accounts Receivable Clerk, General Ledger Clerk or Bookkeeper. The page links to the course catalog, required course details and a suggested program map.
Federal data show Saddleback has open admission and graduates 48% of its students. In-state tuition is $1,380, compared with $14,760 for out-of-state students. About 20,764 students are enrolled. The program holds a Program Score of 91.9 out of 100, the basis of its ranking. It fits students who want to be job-ready in bookkeeping or clerical accounting quickly and at low cost, and those who want a certificate first and a degree later. The page describes employment in entry-level positions, so students aiming for a CPA should plan to continue to a four-year program.
Golden West College
Huntington Beach, CA · Public · online option
- Grad rate
- 49%
- Admit rate
- Open admission
- In-state
- $1,288
- Out-of-state
- $11,536
A community college accounting program whose courses satisfy the unit requirements to sit for the CPA exam.
- 49% graduation rate
- Program Score 91.8
- $1,288 in-state tuition
- CPA exam unit requirements
Golden West College lists its accounting program within the Business and Career Education division. The page describes a curriculum that teaches fundamental accounting concepts for students who plan to pursue accounting degrees at four-year institutions, and it also trains students for accounting and bookkeeping positions. The college states that all courses in the program satisfy the semester unit requirements needed to qualify to sit for the Uniform Certified Public Accountant exam, and that students interested in becoming a CPA will find the program particularly useful. The department page links to degrees and certificates, courses, transfer options and pathways, and faculty, including a professor who is a Certified Public Accountant. The page does not list credit totals or course titles, so students should check the catalog for specifics.
Golden West earns a Program Score of 91.8 out of 100, which is the basis of its ranking. The college reports a 49% graduation rate and is open admission, so there is no admit rate to weigh. In-state tuition is $1,288, against $11,536 for out-of-state students. The school has about 10,721 students. The combination of low in-state cost and a CPA-aligned unit path suits students who plan to transfer to a four-year accounting degree or move directly into bookkeeping and entry-level accounting work.
Orange Coast College
Costa Mesa, CA · Public
- Grad rate
- 48%
- Admit rate
- Open admission
- In-state
- $1,288
- Out-of-state
- $11,536
Orange Coast College pairs an Accounting associate degree with Certificates of Achievement in areas such as taxation, payroll and nonprofit accounting.
- Program Score 91.4
- Open admission
- $1,288 in-state tuition
- Certificates in tax, payroll and data analytics
Orange Coast College offers an Associate in Science degree in Accounting through its Business Division. Alongside the degree, the college lists Certificates of Achievement in Accounting Data Analytics, Business Taxation and Entry Level Accounting. It also lists competency awards in Cost Accounting, Financial Accounting, Governmental Accounting, Individual Taxation, Non-Profit Accounting and Payroll Accounting. That range lets students build a specialty in tax, public-sector or nonprofit bookkeeping, or payroll. Students seeking a degree or certificate must submit a petition for graduation at the start of their last semester and meet the requirements in the college catalog.
The program has a Program Score of 91.4 out of 100, the basis of its ranking. Orange Coast is open admission, and the federal graduation rate is 48%. In-state tuition is $1,288 and out-of-state tuition is $11,536, so California residents pay a small fraction of the nonresident price. The program fits students who want a low-cost entry to accounting work, a stackable set of short credentials they can earn along the way, or a first two years before moving to a four-year accounting program.
Open admission: the school admits every qualified applicant, so it reports no admit rate.
Graduation Rates at the Ranked Accounting Associate's Programs in California
The median school on this list graduates 49% of its students. The highest rates belong to De Anza College (68%) and College of San Mateo (61%). The school with the highest rate is also ranked #1.
- #1 De Anza College68% graduation rate
- #4 College of San Mateo61% graduation rate
- #2 Irvine Valley College57% graduation rate
Institution-wide graduation rates reported to IPEDS. They describe the whole school, not this program alone.
Campus Size Across the Accounting Associate's Programs in California
Enrollment on this list runs from 9,901 at College of San Mateo to 29,971 at Mt San Antonio College. Of the 11, 3 enroll 20,000 students or more.
Total institution enrollment reported to IPEDS, all levels and programs.
What an Associate Degree in Accounting Costs in California
In-state tuition among the 27 California accounting programs analyzed runs from $1,104 to $1,395 a year, all at public community colleges. Over a two-year associate degree in accounting, that translates to roughly $2,208 to $2,790 in tuition alone, before books, fees, or the California College Promise Grant that waives enrollment fees for many low-income students. Irvine Valley College and College of the Canyons both sit at the $1,104 floor; De Anza College and Foothill College sit at the $1,395 ceiling.
The ROI case for an associate degree in accounting in California is straightforward when tuition is this low. National median pay for accountants and auditors is $54,920 a year, per BLS wage data. Even a graduate who spends two years at the $1,395 ceiling recovers full program cost in well under a month of a full-time accounting salary, though most associate-level accounting jobs, bookkeeping, accounts payable and receivable, entry-level tax prep, pay below the BLS median for the broader accountant and auditor category, which typically requires a bachelor's degree.
Cost differences between the ranked programs are small in absolute dollars, so selectivity and outcomes matter more than shaving a few hundred dollars off tuition. A $291 tuition gap between the cheapest and most expensive program on this list is trivial next to a 23-point graduation rate gap between the top and bottom performers in California.
Published annual tuition and required fees reported to IPEDS. Private schools charge one rate regardless of residency; public schools charge non-residents the out-of-state rate shown on each card.
How to Become a CPA in California
California counts a degree and its units rather than an hour total for the exam. AB 1175, signed October 3, 2025, opens a license route on January 1, 2027 for a bachelor's with 24 accounting, 24 business and 3 ethics units plus two years of general accounting experience; the current 150-unit route stays open to applicants through December 31, 2028.
| Education | Experience | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Bachelor's with an accounting concentration | 2 years | Opens January 1, 2027 |
| 150 semester units | 1 year | Available |
To sit for the exam: a bachelor's degree with 24 semester units of accounting and 24 of business-related subjects. Every route also requires passing all four sections of the Uniform CPA Examination.
None of these routes begins at an associate degree. Every license in California runs through a bachelor's, so an associate program on this list is a first step, and its worth to a future CPA depends on how many of its credits a four-year accounting program will accept.
Checked against the California Board of Accountancy and the law behind it in October 2026. These rules are changing state by state, so confirm them with the board before you plan a course schedule around them.
Why Accreditation Matters for Associate's in Accounting Programs
Accreditation is the baseline check before comparing tuition or graduation rate at all. AACSB accreditation is the recognized standard for business and accounting programs at the four-year level; ACBSP is a common alternative for smaller and community-college-adjacent business programs. Regional accreditation, WASC in California, applies to the institution as a whole and is what makes credits transferable to a CSU or UC in the first place.
All 11 schools in this ranking are accredited, publicly funded community colleges, which is why their credits transfer predictably into CSU and UC programs. Before enrolling in any accounting program, confirm current accreditation status directly with AACSB or the relevant accreditor rather than relying on a school's own marketing page, since accreditation status can change.
What Sets California's Top Accounting Programs Apart
Among the schools that make up the best associate's in accounting in California, De Anza College ranks first in this analysis with a 97.7 Program Score, driven by a 68% graduation rate, the highest among the 27 programs analyzed, at $1,395 in annual in-state tuition. Irvine Valley College ranks second at 96.5, pairing a 57% graduation rate with the lowest tuition on the list, $1,104, making it the strongest cost-to-outcome combination in the state.
College of the Canyons (95.0 score, 45% graduation rate, $1,104 tuition) and College of San Mateo (94.9 score, 61% graduation rate, $1,288 tuition) round out the top four. College of San Mateo's 61% graduation rate is the second-best in this ranking, behind only De Anza, which matters more than its slightly higher tuition given how thin the tuition spread is across these programs.
Foothill College (94.4 score, 56% graduation rate, $1,395 tuition), Mt. San Antonio College (93.9, 45%, $1,288), and Diablo Valley College (93.7, 49%, $1,288) fill out the middle of the ranking. Every school on this list is a public California community college, so the real differentiator between these accounting programs is not price, it is how consistently students actually finish the accounting degree once enrolled.
Online and Accelerated Associate's in Accounting Programs in California
Community college accounting programs across California increasingly offer online or hybrid sections for core courses like financial accounting and managerial accounting, letting working adults complete an associate degree in accounting without a fixed on-campus schedule. Because tuition at public California community colleges is set per unit regardless of delivery format, an online accounting degree from one of these schools costs the same $1,104 to $1,395 range as the on-campus version.
An online associate degree in accounting from an accredited California community college transfers the same way an on-campus one does, since accreditation and course articulation, not delivery format, are what CSU and UC transfer offices evaluate. Accelerated formats, compressed 8-week terms instead of standard 16-week semesters, are common at these schools and can shorten the two-year accounting degree timeline for students who can carry a heavier per-term load.
The tradeoff with online programs is the same as anywhere else: self-paced formats demand more independent discipline, and lab-style or exam-proctored courses may still require occasional campus visits. Confirm proctoring and format details directly with each school's accounting department before enrolling.
- #4 College of San MateoSan Mateo, CA
- #10 Golden West CollegeHuntington Beach, CA
Based on each school reporting distance-education offerings to IPEDS. Whether this specific degree is fully online varies, so confirm the format with the school.
Accounting Careers and Salary Outlook After an Associate Degree
National median pay for accountants and auditors is $54,920 a year, according to BLS Occupational Outlook data. That figure applies to the broader accountant and auditor occupation nationwide, most of which requires a bachelor's degree, not to any single California program, and it is not what every associate-degree graduate should expect to earn immediately.
An associate degree in accounting more commonly leads into bookkeeping, accounts payable or receivable, payroll, or entry-level tax preparation roles, often as a stepping stone while a student transfers into a four-year accounting degree and works toward CPA eligibility. BLS tracks separate wage data for bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks, a role more directly comparable to associate-level training; check current figures before setting salary expectations.
The practical takeaway for California accounting programs at the associate level: treat the degree as a transfer and entry-level launchpad, not a CPA shortcut, and weigh a school's graduation rate as heavily as its tuition, since finishing on time is what actually gets a student to the next step.